The Moral Philosophy of Sikhism  Sab Sikhan Ko Hukam Hai Guru Manyo Granth

    Two pathans Jamshed Khan and Wasil Beg pursued Guru Gobind Singh Ji secretly and overtook him at Nanded, where one of them stabbed Guru Gobind Singh Ji in the left side below the heart as he lay one evening in his chamber resting after the Rahras prayer. Before he could deal another blow, Guru Gobind Singh struck him down with his sabre, while his fleeing companion fell under the swords of Sikhs who had rushed in on hearing the noise.

    As the news reached Bahadar Shah's camp, he sent expert surgeons, to attend on the Guru. Guru Gobind Singh Ji's wound was immediately stitched by the Emperor's European surgeon and within a few days it appeared to have been healed. Soon after when the Guru tugged at a hard strong bow, the imperfectly healed wound burst opened and caused profuse bleeding. He then opened the Granth Sahib, solemnly bowed to it as his SUCCESSOR, saying 'Waheguru ji ka Khalsa, Waheguru ji ki Fateh', he walked around the Guru Granth Sahib and proclaimed," Let him who desireth to behold me, behold the Guru Granth. Obey the Granth Sahib. It is the visible body of the Gurus. And let him who desires to meet me, search me in the hymns."


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Guru Gobind Singh (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ)(Born in Patna, Bihar, India, on December 22, 1666 as Gobind Rai October 7, 1708, Nanded, Maharashtra, India) was the tenth and last of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Guru on November 11, 1675 following in the footsteps of his father, the ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Teg Bahadur. He was born at Patna, and, was only nine years old when he was called to assume the sacred trust of being a Guru. Sikhs always had to struggle against the Muslim rulers and there is little doubt that Sikhs were turned into incomparable soldiers as a result of that struggle.

Guru Gobind Singh exemplified the teachings of Sikh principles during his lifetime. He not only taught the principles of the faith, but also felt the pain of sacrifice in upholding those beliefs. Guru Gobind Singh lost his father, mother and all four sons to a religious war being waged by emperor Aurangzeb, the last of the six grand Mughals. Aurangzeb demanded that all Sikhs either convert to Islam or be killed. It was in this fight for spiritual survival (or as Guru Sahib himself called it, Dharamyudh, the war for righteousness) that Guru Gobind Singh felt the pain of loss.

Guru Gobind's father, Guru Teg Bahadur, was beheaded in Delhi (where the Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib stands today) on the orders of Aurangzeb for refusing to convert to Islam. Guru Gobind Singh's two elder sons, Sahibzada Ajit Singh and Sahibzada Jujhar Singh died fighting Mughal troops at Chamkaur Sahib. His mother Mata Gujri was killed along with his younger sons Sahibzada Zorawar Singh and Sahibzada Fateh Singh for refusing to convert to Islam.

 

Guru Gobind Singh's death and after

After Aurangzeb's death, his successor Bahadur Shah I tried to reduce the conflict as the Deccan wars had extended the Mughal armies. He tried to negotiate with the disaffected parties, including the Maratha's and the Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh went to Nanded in Maharashtra to discuss with Bahadur Shah. While camped there he was stabbed in the chest by two muslim's from the Mughal army who came to see him on the pretext of offering him a gift. He survived inititially but eventually the wound reopened and he died in Nanded. Banda Bahadur then took over the reigns of the Sikh army. He was a mahant Guru had met in the Deccan , who was said to have a striking resembelance to Guru Gobind Singh.

 

Chronology of the Main Events in Guru ji Life

# Date Event
1 December 22nd, 1666 Birth at Patna Sahib (Bihar)
2 May, 1673 Arrival at Anandpur Sahib
3 July, 1677 Marriage with Mata Jeeto Ji
4 1682 Repulsing the attack of Raja Bhim Chand on Anandpur
5 May, 1685 Maklaavaa of Mata Jeeto Ji (who adopted the name 'Sundari')
6 July, 1685 Guru Ji leaves Anandpur for Paonta Sahib
7 November, 1686 Birth of S. Ajit Singh Ji
8 October, 1687 Battle of Bhangani
9 November 1688 Return to Anandpur Sahib
10 1689 Battle of Naudan
11 March,1690 Birth of S. Jujhar Singh Ji
12 1694 Khanzada attacks Anandpur
13 1695 Battle with Hussain Khan
14 1697 Birth of S. Zorawar Singh Ji
15 1699 Birth of S. Fateh Singh Ji
16 Vaisakhi, 1699 Creation of the Khalsa
17 September 1699 Skirmishes with Raja Bhim Chand
18 December 1700 Attacked by the combined forces of the hill chieftains
19 January 1701 Leave Anandpur for Nirmoh
20 January 1702 Battle of Nirmoh
21 March 1702 Goes to Basoli April
22 June 1702 Occupation of Kalmot
23 August 1702 Return to Anandpur
24 February 1703 Repulsing the attacks of the hill-chieftains
25 June 1704 Repulsing the combined attack of hill-chiefs and Mughals
26 December 1704 Evacuation of Anandpur
27 December 1704 Battle of Chamkaur and martyrdom of S. Ajit Singh Ji and S. Jujhar Singh Ji
28 December 1704 Martyrdom of S. Zorawar Singh Ji and S. Fateh Singh Ji
29 May, 1705 Battle of Khidrana
30 June 1705 Battle of Mukatsar
31 July 1705 Reach Sabo-ki-talwandi (Damdama Sahib)
32 November 1705 Start from Damdama Sahib to meet emperor Aurangzeb
33 February 1706 Death of Aurangzeb
34 March 1706 Guru Ji receives news of death of Aurangzeb
35 July 23rd, 1707 Guru Ji meets Bahadhur Shah at Agra
36 November 1707 Moves towards Deccan
37 September 1708 Reach Nanded
38 October 7th, 1708 (Guru Ji died/ascension)